jonasson



I 4 sheets -sheet 1. O. J. JONASSON.

WINDMILL.

(No Model.)

Patented Aug. 2, 18 87.

. Inuen-Z'or:

a, :Lkandncwubn, I

4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

' (No Model.) i

0. J. JONASSON.

WINDMILL.

Patented Aug. 2, 1887.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4. v 0. J. JONASS'ON.

WINDMILL.

No. 367,405. Patented Aug. 2, 1887.

' lnverziior,

' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CARL JOHAN JONAS SON, OF CUMBERLAND, MARYLAND.

WINDMILL.

ESPECIFICATION forming part of Letters, Patent No. 367,405, dated August2, 18

Application filed January 1], 1886. Serial No. 188,245. (No modeLl Z'oall whom; it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CARL J OI-IAN J ONASSON, of Oumberland,in the countyofAlleghany and State of Maryland, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Windmills, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to windmills; and it consists in anovelconstruction of the same, whereby the centrifugal force generatedby the rotation of the wheel is caused to control and vary the positionof the blades, so that as the wind increases in velocity the bladesshall be turned to present less'surface to the wind, the blades beingrestored to their normal position through the action of a weight.

The invention embraces, also, various other features and details ofconstruction, which will be hereinafter pointed out and explained.

In the drawings annexed to and forming part of this description, Figure1 is a perspective view of my improved wheel or mill, looking from thefront; Fig. 2 a side or edge view of the same; Fig. 3, a sectional view;Figs. 4 to 8, views illustrating various details of construction; Fig.9,'a view illustrating a modification.

Attempts have hitherto been made to vary the position or'inclination ofthe blades of a wind-wheel through a longitudinal movement- -of theblades themselves, each blade being in such case attached to the radialsupporting arm or spoke by a sleeve having an'oblique slot to receive apin projecting from the spoke, so that as the blade was thrown outwardby the blades to regulate the speed of the wheel.

This I accomplish by attaching the inner end of each blade byaball-and-socket or equiva lent joint to a hub or boss which has alimited rotary movement about and independent of centrifugal force theoblique slot and pin ing said step adjustable.

the main shaft, connecting the rear edge of each blade by a link with aframe carried by said hub or boss, and, finally, connecting the bladesat points at or near their outer ends by links or hangers to the mainframe of the wheel, which is carried by a hub or boss rigidly securedupon the wheel-shaft. Under this construction each blade is supported at-its inner-end, at its rear edge, and at a point near its front andouter edge in such manner that when the blades are thrown outward bycentrifugal force they turn freely, easily, and without friction orstrain.

Referring again to the drawings, A indicates the upper part of the mastor tower, of any suitable or usual construction, upon which is secured acap, B, which is usually made of cast-iron, tapering from its front toits lower end and provided with flanges for attachment to the mast ortower. The upper portion of the cap or casting B is bored out in conicalor tapering form, as shown in Fig. 4, and is furnished at its lower endwith a vertically adj ustable step, 0, threaded on its exterior andscrewing into a similarly-threaded opening in the lower end of cap orcasting B, in whichit is retained at any desired adjustment by asetscrew, to.

The wind-wheel D and its tail vane or rudder E are carried by a rotaryhead, F, which is supported at its lower end in the step 0, and at itsupper end is made with a conical portion, 1), to fit the conical ortapering bore of the cap or casting B.

of the conical portions wear away somewhat, and at a more rapid ratethan the lower end of the head or its step; hence the necessity of mak-Wheh this provision is made, wear in the conical portions may be takenup or compensated for by lowering the step and thus. bringing the twoconical faces into direct and full bearing contact.

The head F is bored out from end to end cylindrically to receive avertically-moving crosshead or swivel-block, G, in which the head ofthepump-rod H is swiveled, and which is connected by a pitman, 1,130 thecrank-pin c of a wheel or disk, J, secured rigidly upon the shaft K ofthe wind-wheel D.

Long-continued and constant use of the mill From long-continued use thebearing-faces ICO causes the bearing-faces of the swivel-block and thebore of the head to wear, permitting play that is injurious to the millthroughout; and to compensate for this wear I make the crosshcad orswivel-block G in the form of a split cylinder, open on one side toreceive a Wedgeblock, L, Figs. 6 and 7, which is held in place and drawnmore or less into its wedgeshaped seat or opening by a screw, (1. Aswear takes place and play follows, the screw is driven in, causing thewedge-block to expand the cylinder or cross-head, which completelyconipeusates for wear, and at the same time preserves a perfect bearingcontact between the cross-head and the bore of the head F.

To give ready access to the cross-hcad,screw, and other parts, I cutaway the sides of the depending portion of the rotary head F, which alsorenders the same lighter and cheaper to make.

The tail vane or rudder may be of ordinary construction, and thewheel-shaft K is carried in bearings in or upon the forwardly-projectingportion ofthe head F, as usual.

The shaft K is of tubular form, and a smaller shaft, M, passes centrallythrough it and projects somewhat beyond its forward end, as shown inFigs. 1 and S, for a purpose that will presently appear.

The construction of the wheel proper will be readily understood uponreference to Figs. 1, 2, and 3.

As best shown in Figs. 1 and 3, a hub or disk, 6, provided with shortradial armsf, is formed upon or rigidly secured to the front end ofshaft K, and to the armsf are bolted or otherwise attached spokesg,which, for wheels of small or medium size, I prefer to make ofU-shapcd angle-iron, as shown. The outer ends of the spokes areconnected, and serve to brace one another through connecting pieces orstringers h, which in such wheels may be ad vantageonsly made ofL-shaped angle-irons, as shown; but I may say here that I do not confinemyselfto the use of angle-iron in either place. By thus constructing thespokes I pro duce a polygonal frame, N, to which the blades are hung,and by which they are supported through the medium of links or hangers IThese links or hangers are preferably made of round rod-iron, bent so asto form three points corresponding to the three angles of a rightangletriangle, an eye or loop, t, being formed at each ofsaid points, asshown in Figs. 1 and 2. This construction, which is very cheap andsimple, affords two points for attachment of the links to the bars orconnecting pieces or stringers h, and also a point for attachment to theblades, which is effected by means of a staple or cye, 9', passingthrough the eye or loop 2' of the link and riveted or otherwise madefast to the blade. This form of joint or connection is advantageous,inthat it is cheap and easy to produce, and particularly because, itpermits free movement in different directions, which is necessary inthisconnection.

The inner end of each blade 0 is provided with a stem or shank, It,terminating in aball, Z, and the balls of the respective blades areseated and retained by means of cap-plates in sockets formed in a hub orboss, Q, which encircles and has a limited rotary movement about andindependent of the main shaft K, as will be seen by referring to Fig. 3.

From the hub or boss Qspokcs mextcnd radially, and these spokes areconnected at their outer ends by tics or stringers a, similarly to thespokes g of the front frame above described, thusproducing a secondpolygonal frameJt. The frame thus produced,beingsupported and carried bythe hub Q, has of course a limited rotary motion independently of theshaft K and in dependently of the front frame, which is fixed to andmoves only with the shaft. Each blade 0 of the wheel has its rear edgeconnected by a rod or link, 0, to an eye or staple on the rear frame, R.

From the hub or boss Q of frame R two arms, 1), project forward, andthese arms are each connected by a link, q, to one arm of an elbowlever,S, pivoted at the meeting-point of its two arms in a bracket or hanger,r, projecting from the hub 0, two elbow-levers being employed, one foreach arm 1). The other arm of each elbow-lever is jointed to a crosshead or bar, T, mounted upon the forward end of the central shaft, M,which passes through the main shaft, as above explained. The crossbar isfree to rotate upon the shaft, being merely held between two collars,awhich are IMO secured upon the shaft by set-screws orcquivalent means.

The shaft M extends back to a point between the two bearings or supportsof the main shaft K, and is furnished near its rear end with across-pin, f, the ends of which projcct through slots or elongatedopenings u in the sides of the tubular main shaft K, and extend into anannnlargroove or recess, '0, in a block, U, encircling the main shaft,in which groove the pin is retained by a cap-plate, 10, secured in placeby screws or bolts, or in any other convenient manner.

The block U is provided with lugs or cars or, which extend into openingsin the arms of a yoke, V, formed with a tubular shank to encircle onearm of an clbowiever, \V, pivoted in or to the rotary head F. The otherarm of the lever V is connected by pin-joint to a rod, X, whichcarricsat its lower end a cross-piece, 7 from which two rods, 2, passdown through the cross-head or swivel-block G outside of the pump-rod.at their lower ends the enlarged head a of a tubular rod, 1), whichencircles the pump-rod H, and has its lower end flanged or enlarged andswivcled in a block, c,which is connected by links (1' with a lever, Y,which is pivoted to the framing or tower of the mill, or to any otherconvenient support, and is furnished with an adjustable weight, Z.

From the foregoing description, and with the understanding that theblades stand and are held normally in the position indicated in The rods.2 carry Figs. 1 and 2, with their faces pretty full to he wind, it willbe seen that as the speed of the wheel increases the centrifugal forcegenerated will cause the blades to move longitudinally outward, thelinks P sustaining them at their centers and the ball-andsocket jointssustaining them at their inner ends. As the blades thus move outward,they cause the rear frame, R, and its hub or boss Q to rotate aboutshaft K independently of front frame, N, and in addition to the rotationwith the shaft and wheel as a whole. As said frame R thus moves awayfrom or in relation to frame N, the links or rods 0 draw upon the rearedges of the blades 0 and turn them about theaxis of the shanks or stemsis, their centers turning laterally in the joints which connect themwith the links 1?. As this action takes place,theelbow-leversS are swungupon their pivots through, the act-ion of thelinks q, and, acting uponthe crossbar T, they force back the shaft M, which carries with it theblock U, which in turn moves back the yoke V and throws upthe upper armof the elbow-lever \V. The lever W, thus moved, draws up the rod or barX, which, through the rods 2, tubular rod 1), and links d, raisesweighted lever Z, and thus holds in readiness for action upon decreaseof the speed a force sufficient to restore the parts to their originalposition through a reversal of the action just described.

' In action the wheel is very sensitive in regulation, and there is nopart liable to strain or injury. WVhen the blades are presented edgewiseto the wind, the wind passes harmlessly through the wheel, and thefeathering action is greater or less, according to the speed of thewheel, so that as long as there is wind sufficient to drive the wheel ataverage speed the speed will remain practically unchanged.

The above-described construction applies to small wheels and to wheelsof moderate or medium size; but for larger wheels I prefer to substituterods 6, either tubular or solid, for the angle-iron spokes, said rodsbeing arranged in pairs, two rods to-each spoke. These rods areseparated at their inner ends and threaded to enter holes tapped in thehub or boss 6, which in such case is made ofangle-iron, similar to theframes N and R, but much smaller,

as shown in Fig. 9. The outer ends of each pair-of rods are united inany convenient manner, and the extremities of the several spokes areconnected by tie rods or braces to form the'main frame to which theblades are hung. From the outer end of each spoke a tie or brace rod, f,is carried down to ahub or head formed upon a neck, 9, projecting fromthe front of hub e, or secured rigidly upon the shaft K in advance ofthe hub 6. Gross pieces or braces it connect the'two rods and serve tomake the one under tension support its companion, which is of courseunder compression.

It is obvious that the details may be considerably varied withoutdeparting from the scope or substance of my invention. Thus I propose inlarger mills to employ ball-andsocket joints to connect the blades 0 andthe links or hangers I, and I also contemplate stiffening the blades bysuitable framing.

It will be observed that under this construction those blades which arebelow the center are balanced by those above the center, acting throughthe rotary hub or boss Q, and thus the tendency to fall by gravity isperfectly counteracted.

Having thus describcd'iny invcntiomwhatl claim is- 1. A wind-wheelconsisting of a shaft, a frame or head rigidly secured upon said shaft,a second frame or head mounted upon and adapted to rotatea limiteddistance independently of the shaft, a series of blades connected withthe second frame or headby universal joints, a series of linksconnecting the blades with the rigid head or frame, and a second se riesof links connecting the blades with the movable head or frame,substantially as set forth, whereby the blades are adapted to be thrownoutward by centrifugalforce, and are caused in moving outward to turnthe loose head or frame and thus to draw the blades edgewise to thewind.

2. In a wind-wheel, the combination of a shaft, a frame or head rigidlysecured to said shaft and adapted to turn loosely upon said shaft alimited distance, a series of blades conneeted at their inner ends byball-and-socket or equivalent joints to the loose frame, links orhangers connecting the blades at or near their centers with the firstframe or head, and rods or links connecting the rear edges of the bladeswith the loose frame or head, substantially as set forth.

3. In a Wind-whee], the combination of two 'heads or frames, one capableof limited rotation independently of the other, and a series of bladesconnected with the two frames, substantially in the manner explained,whereby the blades are adapted to be moved outward by centrifugal force,and are caused to turn about their longitudinal axis in thus movingoutward.

4. The herein-described wind-wheel, consisting of shaft K, hub 6, frameN, loose hub or boss Q, carrying frame R, blades 0, havingball-and-socket or equivalent connection with hub or boss Q, links orhangers P, connecting the, blades with frame N, and links or rods 0,connecting the blades with frame It, all essentially as described andshown.

5. In combination with wheel D, constructed substantially as describedand shown,shaft M, passing longitudinally through the wheel shaft,cross-bar T, carried by shaft M, elbowlevers S, carried by wheel D,links connecting the elbow-levers with the rotary frame or head Q, an da weight connected with and serving to press shalt M forward to retainthe blades in working position.

6. In a wind-wheel, the COlIlblllfthlOll of a main shaft, a head orframe carried thereby,

and a series of tangentially pivoted blades IOC connected with saidframe by links orhangers adapted and arranged to move bodily toward andaway from the center of the wheel.

7. In a wind-wheel, the combination of a main shaft, a head or famecarried thereby, a second head or frame mounted upon the shaft andadapted to rotate a short distance independently of the shaft a seriesof blades tangentially connected at their inner ends to the second heador frame, and links or hangers connecting the blades with both heads orframes and adaptedto move bodily toward and away from the center of thewheel, whereby the blades are caused to move longitudinally outward bycentrifugal force, and in thus moving outward to be turned edgewise tothe wind.

8. In combination with the regulating-shaft M of a wheel substantiallysuch as described, a swivel-block connected with said shaft, a yokejointed to said block, an elbow-lever con nected with acontrolling-weight, and a telescopic or sliding connection between theyoke and elbow-lever.

9. In a windmill, the combination, with a tubular rotary head, as F, ofa cross head or block, G, open at one side, a wedge-block inserted insaid open side, and a screw adapted and arranged to force said blockinto the opening to expand the block and to cause it to fill the bore ofthe head.

10. In combination with cap B, having a conical bore at its upper endand an adjustable step, (t, at its lower end, a rotary head, F, having aconical portion to fit the bore of the head, and a foot or lower end tofit the step.

CARL JOIIAN JONASSON.

Witnesses:

WILLIAM W. Donors, WALTER S. DODGE.

